Tags: italy (132 pics) Castiglione di Garfagnana is a city of 1,878 inhabitants in the province of Lucca. River's name which pass near Castiglione is called Esarulo. The city is rinomate for the band Filarmonica Alpina, founded in 1858 (155 years ago) with the name of Fanfara popolare. History The origin of the city dates back to a Roman castra, called Castrum Leonis, ("Lion's Castle"), built to command the valley that lead to the San Pellegrino Pass, the easiest transit for armies of Apennines. The fortress later developed under the Lombard and Frank dominations. In 1170 (843 years ago) it was besieged by the Republic of Lucca. Castiglione surrendered, but the high taxes led the city to form a league with others communes of Garfagnana against Lucca. In 1227 (786 years ago) Castiglione was again besieged and suffered further destruction by the Lucchese soldiers. Political contrasts continued in the following years, until a peace was stipulated in 1371 (642 years ago): Lucca gained definitive control of Castiglione, and established a permanent administrator. The defensive structure was upgraded building with the widening of the town-walls. During the 15th century Castiglione was one of the few communities in Garfagnana that did not submit to the Este family, remaining loyal to the Republic of Lucca. Throughout the wars against Estensi, the fortress was again besieged, in particular in 1603 (410 years ago) and 1613 (400 years ago). It followed a long period of peace, marred only by controversies for boundary questions with the neighbouring communes. The Congress of Vienna (1815, 198 years ago) assigned Castiglione to Marie Louise of Bourbon, Grand Duchess of Lucca, who in 1819 (194 years ago) gave it to Francis IV of Modena.

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