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SeagullPictures 
Information about SeagullGulls (often informally seagulls) are birds in the family Laridae. They are most closely related to the terns (family Sternidae) and only distantly related to auks, skimmers, and more distantly to the waders. Until recently, most gulls were placed in the genus Larus, but this arrangement is now known to be polyphyletic, leading to the resurrection of several genera.They are typically medium to large birds, usually grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They typically have harsh wailing or squawking calls. They have stout, longish bills, and webbed feet. Gull species range in size from the Little Gull, at 120 g (4.2 oz) and 29 cm (11.5 inches), to the Great Black-backed Gull, at 1.75 kg (3.8 lbs) and 76 cm (30 inches). DescriptionMost gulls, particularly Larus species, are ground nesting carnivores, which will take live food or scavenge opportunistically. The live food often includes crabs and small fish. Apart from the kittiwakes, gulls are typically coastal or inland species, rarely venturing far out to sea and into surrounding deciduous forests. The large species take up to four years to attain full adult plumage, but two years is typical for small gulls. Large White-Headed Gulls are typically long-lived birds, with a maximum age of 49 years recorded for the Herring Gull.Gulls nest in large, densely packed, and noisy colonies. They lay two to three speckled eggs in nests composed of vegetation. The young are precocial, being born with dark mottled down, and mobile from birth. Gulls—the larger species in particular—are resourceful, inquisitive and highly intelligent birds, demonstrating complex methods of communication and a highly developed social structure; for example, many gull colonies display mobbing behaviour, attacking and harassing would-be predators and other intruders. In addition, certain species (e.g. the Herring Gull) have exhibited tool use behaviour. Many species of gull have learned to coexist successfully with humans and have thrived in human habitats. Others rely on kleptoparasitism to get their food. Gulls have been observed preying on live whales, landing on the whale as it surfaces to peck meat, and attempting to make away with domestic pets, such as cats.. EvolutionThe Laridae are known from fossil evidence since the Early Oligocene, some 30-33 mya. A fossil gull from the Middle to Late Miocene of Cherry County, USA is placed in the prehistoric genus Gaviota; apart from this and the undescribed Early Oligocene fossil, all prehistoric species were tentatively assigned to the modern genus Larus. Among those of them that have been confirmed as gulls, "Larus" elegans and "L." totanoides from the Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of southeast France have since been separated in Laricola.SubspeciesPacific Gull, Larus pacificusBelcher's Gull, Larus belcheri Olrog's Gull, Larus atlanticus Black-tailed Gull, Larus crassirostris Heermann's Gull, Larus heermanni Common Gull or Mew Gull, Larus canus Ring-billed Gull, Larus delawarensis California Gull, Larus californicus Great Black-backed Gull, Larus marinus Kelp Gull, Larus dominicanus (called "Southern Black-backed Gull" or "Karoro" in New Zealand) Cape Gull, Larus dominicanus vetula Glaucous-winged Gull, Larus glaucescens Western Gull, Larus occidentalis Yellow-footed Gull, Larus livens Glaucous Gull, Larus hyperboreus Iceland Gull, Larus glaucoides Kumlien's Gull, Larus glaucoides kumlieni Thayer's Gull, Larus thayeri Herring Gull, Larus argentatus Heuglin's Gull, Larus heuglini American Herring Gull, Larus smithsonianus Yellow-legged Gull, Larus michahellis Caspian Gull, Larus cachinnans East Siberian Herring Gull, Larus vegae Armenian Gull, Larus armenicus Slaty-backed Gull, Larus schistisagus Lesser Black-backed Gull, Larus fuscus White-eyed Gull, Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus Sooty Gull, Ichthyaetus hemprichii Great Black-headed Gull, Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus Audouin's Gull, Ichthyaetus audouinii Mediterranean Gull, Ichthyaetus melanocephalus Relict Gull, Ichthyaetus relictus Dolphin (11 walls) Gull, Leucophaeus scoresbii Laughing Gull, Leucophaeus atricilla Franklin's Gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan Lava Gull, Leucophaeus fuliginosus Gray Gull, Leucophaeus modestus Silver Gull, Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae Red-billed Gull, Chroicocephalus scopulinus Hartlaub's Gull, Chroicocephalus hartlaubii Brown-hooded Gull, Chroicocephalus maculipennis Gray-hooded Gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus Andean Gull, Chroicocephalus serranus Black-billed Gull, Chroicocephalus bulleri Brown-headed Gull, Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus Black-headed Gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus Slender-billed Gull, Chroicocephalus genei Bonaparte's Gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia Saunders's Gull, Saundersilarus saundersi Little Gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus Ross's Gull, Rhodostethia rosea Black-legged Kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla Red-legged Kittiwake, Rissa brevirostris Genus Pagophila Ivory Gull, Pagophila eburnea Sabine's Gull, Xema sabini Swallow-tailed Gull, Creagrus furcatus External links to Seagull Add a new linkLinked to Seagull
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